Stainless Steel, Austenitic
317 Stainless Steel (S31700) Sheet & Plate
A modified version of Type 316 stainless steel with high strength and corrosion resistance.
Type 317 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance; Its high Molybdenum content enhances the grade’s superior pitting resistance. It was designed to be a higher strength alternative to the 316 grades.
Composed of larger amounts of chromium, nickel and molybdenum, alloy 317 also is more corrosion resistant compared to 316, and tougher than Type 304. This is the due to the high percentage of iron in its composition, which is much higher than many stainless steels.
This combination of iron with the chromium-nickel-molybdenum content yields a strong alloy.
It combines good mechanical properties, excellent weldability, and formability, making it ideal for applications in chemical processing, marine environments, and industrial equipment where resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and chemical attack is essential.
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Related Specifications
- 0Cr19Ni13Mo3
- 317 / UNS S31700
- SUS317
- X6CrNiMo17-13-3 / 1.4449
- 317S16
- Z6CND17-13
- 06Х17Н14М3
- SS317
Properties
Chemical Composition
S31700 Sheet and Plate
ASTM A240
| Chemical Element | % Present |
| Carbon (C) | 0.00 - 0.08 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 18.00 - 20.00 |
| Nickel (Ni) | 11.00 - 15.00 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.00 - 2.00 |
| Phosphorous (P) | 0.00 - 0.04 |
| Sulphur (S) | 0.00 - 0.03 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.00 - 0.75 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 3.00 - 4.00 |
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.00 - 0.10 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
Mechanical Properties
ASTM A240
| Mechanical Property | Value |
| Proof Stress | 205 Min MPa |
| Tensile Strength | 515 Min MPa |
| Elongation A50 mm | 35 Min % |
Applications of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel with high molybdenum content, offering enhanced corrosion resistance, especially in chemical, chloride, and oxidizing environments. It is widely used in applications that require durability, corrosion resistance, and good mechanical properties.
1. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
Reactors, tanks, and vessels for corrosive chemicals
Heat exchangers and condensers
Piping systems handling acids and chlorides
Valves, pumps, and fittings in chemical processes
2. Marine Applications
Components exposed to seawater or brackish water
Marine piping and structural equipment
Desalination plant components
3. Food and Pharmaceutical Industry
Processing equipment requiring corrosion resistance and hygiene
Storage tanks, piping, and reactors for acidic or aggressive media
Heat exchangers, evaporators, and agitators
4. Industrial Applications
Fasteners, bolts, and screws in aggressive environments
Structural components in chemical or industrial settings
Components exposed to high humidity or saline conditions
Summary
317 stainless steel is widely used in chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications where superior corrosion resistance, especially to chlorides and oxidizing acids, is essential. Its austenitic structure, weldability, and durability make it ideal for critical components exposed to harsh environments.
Characteristics of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel with enhanced corrosion resistance, mainly due to its high molybdenum content. It is widely used in environments that are more aggressive than those suitable for 316 stainless steel.
1. Superior Corrosion Resistance
High molybdenum content improves resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion, particularly in chloride-containing environments.
Performs well in oxidizing acids and moderately aggressive chemical solutions.
2. Austenitic Structure
Provides excellent ductility, toughness, and formability.
Maintains mechanical properties at both high and low temperatures.
3. Mechanical Properties
Good tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
Can withstand stress and load in industrial applications without deformation.
4. Weldability and Fabrication
Can be easily welded using TIG, MIG, and SMAW methods.
Low risk of sensitization due to controlled carbon content.
Suitable for forming into sheets, plates, piping, and complex components.
5. Applications Related to Characteristics
Chemical processing equipment
Marine equipment exposed to seawater
Pharmaceutical and food processing machinery
Heat exchangers, tanks, and industrial piping
Summary
317 stainless steel is characterized by high corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, excellent ductility, and reliable weldability. Its high molybdenum content makes it particularly suitable for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications where aggressive environments are present.
Additional Information
Fabrication
Fabrication of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel known for its excellent corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. It can be fabricated using conventional techniques, including forming, welding, and machining, making it suitable for industrial, chemical, and marine applications.
1. Forming
Cold Working:
Suitable for bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping.
Work hardens moderately; intermediate annealing is recommended for extensive forming.
Hot Working:
Performed at elevated temperatures to reduce work hardening.
Typical hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
2. Welding
Can be welded using standard techniques: TIG, MIG, SMAW, and FCAW.
Filler metals such as ER317 or ER317L are recommended for maintaining corrosion resistance in welded joints.
Low risk of sensitization due to controlled carbon content, minimizing intergranular corrosion.
3. Machining
Moderate machinability; work hardens during machining.
Use sharp carbide tools, adequate feed, and proper coolant for optimal results.
Suitable for making piping, fittings, fasteners, and other precision components.
4. Post-Fabrication Treatments
Annealing: Restores ductility and relieves residual stresses after cold working or welding.
Pickling and Passivation: Removes scale and restores the protective chromium oxide layer to optimize corrosion resistance.
5. Applications Related to Fabrication
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Marine and seawater-exposed components
Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery
Tanks, piping systems, and industrial structural parts
Summary
317 stainless steel is highly fabricable, supporting cold and hot forming, welding, and machining. Its high corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, and weldability make it ideal for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Weldability
Weldability of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel with excellent weldability, making it suitable for applications where corrosion-resistant welded components are required.
1. General Weldability
Can be welded using all standard fusion welding techniques, including:
TIG (GTAW)
MIG (GMAW)
SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding)
Welded joints maintain good corrosion resistance, mechanical strength, and toughness.
2. Low Carbon Content
Minimizes sensitization during welding.
Reduces the risk of intergranular corrosion, especially in welded zones.
Post-weld heat treatment is usually not required for maintaining corrosion resistance.
3. Filler Metal Recommendations
Commonly used filler metals:
ER317 or ER317L for matching corrosion resistance and mechanical properties
ER316L for less aggressive environments
Ensures consistent performance of welded joints.
4. Heat Input and Preparation
Moderate heat input is recommended to avoid excessive grain growth.
Ensure joint surfaces are clean, free of oil, grease, or oxide scale.
Preheating is generally not necessary.
5. Post-Weld Considerations
Pickling or passivation can be applied to restore the chromium oxide layer and optimize corrosion resistance.
Stress relief may be performed if the component is heavily stressed or exposed to high temperatures.
6. Applications Related to Weldability
Chemical processing tanks and piping
Marine and seawater-exposed components
Food and pharmaceutical processing equipment
Heat exchangers, reactors, and industrial vessels
Summary
317 stainless steel exhibits excellent weldability due to its austenitic structure and high molybdenum content. Proper filler selection and controlled welding techniques produce strong, corrosion-resistant joints, making 317 ideal for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Machinability
Machinability of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel that provides moderate machinability, similar to other austenitic stainless steels. Its combination of corrosion resistance and work-hardening characteristics requires careful machining practices.
1. Work Hardening
317 stainless steel work hardens rapidly, especially during light cuts or interrupted cuts.
To minimize work hardening:
Use sharp, rigid tools
Avoid shallow cuts or repeated passes
Employ adequate lubrication and coolant
2. Tooling Recommendations
Carbide tools are preferred for longer tool life and efficient cutting.
High-speed steel (HSS) tools can be used at lower cutting speeds.
Ensure rigid fixturing to reduce vibration and improve surface finish.
3. Cutting Conditions
Use moderate to low cutting speeds to prevent overheating.
Maintain proper feed rate and depth of cut to reduce tool rubbing.
Continuous coolant flow helps with chip evacuation and tool cooling.
4. Chip Formation
Produces long, ductile chips due to its austenitic structure.
Use chip breakers or controlled cutting techniques to manage chips effectively.
5. Surface Finish
Achievable with proper tooling and coolant.
Overheating during machining can degrade surface quality and reduce corrosion resistance.
6. Applications Related to Machining
Precision components in chemical and petrochemical equipment
Fittings, valves, and fasteners for aggressive environments
Piping, tanks, and machinery requiring corrosion-resistant parts
Summary
317 stainless steel exhibits moderate machinability with a high work-hardening tendency. Using proper tooling, cutting speeds, and lubrication ensures efficient machining and excellent surface finish. Its combination of machinability and superior corrosion resistance makes it suitable for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Corrosion Resistance
Corrosion Resistance of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel that provides excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in aggressive environments containing chlorides, oxidizing acids, or other chemical media. Its higher molybdenum content compared to 316 stainless steel enhances resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and chemical attack.
1. General Corrosion Resistance
Resists oxidation and general atmospheric corrosion.
Performs well in moderately aggressive chemical environments, including mild acids and alkaline solutions.
Suitable for industrial and outdoor applications.
2. Pitting and Crevice Corrosion
High molybdenum content improves resistance to localized corrosion.
Particularly effective in chloride-rich environments, such as seawater or brine solutions.
Outperforms 316 stainless steel in highly aggressive chemical or marine environments.
3. Intergranular Corrosion Resistance
Low carbon content minimizes the risk of sensitization during welding.
Maintains resistance to intergranular corrosion (IGC) in welded or heat-treated components.
4. Resistance to Chemical Attack
Performs well in oxidizing acids such as nitric acid.
Provides moderate resistance to reducing acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid) under controlled conditions.
Ideal for chemical reactors, tanks, and piping exposed to aggressive fluids.
5. Limitations
Susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in hot chloride solutions under high tensile stress.
May experience localized attack in strongly reducing or highly acidic environments.
6. Applications Related to Corrosion Resistance
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Marine and seawater-exposed components
Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery
Heat exchangers, piping, and storage tanks
Summary
317 stainless steel provides excellent overall corrosion resistance, especially in chloride-rich and oxidizing environments, thanks to its high molybdenum content. Its combination of corrosion resistance, weldability, and formability makes it ideal for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Cold Working
Cold Working of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel with good ductility and formability, making it suitable for various cold working operations. Cold working increases strength through work hardening while maintaining corrosion resistance.
1. Common Cold Working Processes
Bending and Forming: Can be shaped into complex geometries for tanks, piping, and structural components.
Rolling: Produces sheets, strips, and coils.
Deep Drawing: Allows production of containers, trays, and intricate components.
Stamping and Punching: Suitable for chemical, marine, and industrial applications.
2. Work Hardening
317 stainless steel work hardens rapidly, increasing tensile and yield strength during deformation.
Excessive cold working can reduce ductility.
Intermediate annealing is recommended for extensive forming to restore ductility and relieve internal stresses.
3. Fabrication Considerations
Apply gradual deformation to avoid cracking or overstressing the material.
Use proper tooling, lubrication, and support to maintain surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
Cold-worked components may require stress relief for critical applications.
4. Applications Related to Cold Working
Chemical and petrochemical processing equipment
Marine components exposed to seawater
Food and pharmaceutical processing machinery
Tanks, piping, and structural parts requiring corrosion resistance
Summary
317 stainless steel exhibits excellent cold working characteristics, allowing bending, rolling, deep drawing, and stamping. Cold working enhances strength while maintaining corrosion resistance, making it ideal for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Heat Treatment
Heat Treatment of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel. Like other austenitic stainless steels, it is not hardenable by conventional heat treatment. Heat treatment is primarily used to restore ductility, relieve stresses, and optimize corrosion resistance after fabrication or cold working.
1. Annealing
Purpose: Restore ductility, relieve stresses, and enhance corrosion resistance after cold working or welding.
Annealing temperature: 1040–1120°C (1900–2050°F)
Cooling: Rapid cooling in air or water to maintain corrosion resistance and prevent sensitization.
2. Stress Relief
Applied to reduce residual stresses from cold working, welding, or machining.
Temperature range: 450–650°C (840–1200°F)
Helps improve dimensional stability and reduces the risk of stress-related cracking.
3. Effects of Heat Treatment
Restores ductility and toughness in cold-worked areas.
Eliminates residual stresses from welding or fabrication.
Does not increase strength significantly, as 317 is not precipitation-hardenable.
4. Surface Treatment Post Heat
Pickling or passivation may be applied after heat treatment to remove scale or oxides and restore the protective chromium oxide layer.
5. Applications Related to Heat Treatment
Welded piping, tanks, and vessels in chemical processing
Heat exchangers, reactors, and high-temperature equipment
Marine and pharmaceutical equipment exposed to heat
Summary
Heat treatment of 317 stainless steel is mainly for annealing and stress relief, maintaining ductility, corrosion resistance, and dimensional stability. This ensures reliable performance in chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications, particularly after fabrication or welding.
Heat Resistance
Heat Resistance of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel with good resistance to oxidation and scaling at elevated temperatures. Its composition allows it to maintain mechanical integrity and corrosion resistance in moderately high-temperature environments.
1. Continuous Service Temperature
Suitable for continuous use up to approximately 870°C (1600°F) in oxidizing atmospheres.
Maintains mechanical strength and corrosion resistance under sustained heat exposure.
2. Intermittent Exposure
Can withstand short-term or intermittent exposures up to 925°C (1700°F) without significant scaling or oxidation.
Suitable for components exposed to thermal cycling or fluctuating high temperatures.
3. Oxidation Resistance
Forms a stable chromium oxide layer that protects against scaling and oxidation.
High molybdenum content enhances resistance to localized attack during high-temperature exposure.
4. Limitations
Not suitable for prolonged service at extremely high temperatures (>925°C / 1700°F).
Susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in hot chloride-containing environments.
5. Applications Related to Heat Resistance
Heat exchangers, boilers, and furnace components in chemical and petrochemical industries
High-temperature piping and tanks
Marine equipment exposed to elevated temperatures
Industrial equipment requiring moderate heat resistance combined with corrosion resistance
Summary
317 stainless steel provides good heat resistance for continuous service up to 870°C and intermittent exposure up to 925°C, while maintaining corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity. Its combination of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and weldability makes it suitable for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Hot Working
Hot Working of 317 Stainless Steel
317 stainless steel is an austenitic, high-molybdenum stainless steel with good hot workability. Hot working allows shaping and forming at elevated temperatures while minimizing work hardening and maintaining mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.
1. Hot Working Temperature
Recommended hot working range: 1150–900°C (2100–1650°F).
Proper temperature control prevents grain growth and preserves corrosion resistance and mechanical integrity.
2. Hot Working Processes
Hot Rolling: Produces sheets, plates, and strips with uniform thickness.
Forging: Suitable for structural components and high-temperature parts.
Extrusion: Enables production of rods, tubes, and profiles.
Hot Pressing and Forming: Useful for shaping complex geometries with minimal risk of cracking.
3. Advantages of Hot Working
Reduces work hardening compared to cold working.
Improves ductility and toughness in the finished component.
Facilitates production of large, thick, or complex parts.
4. Post-Hot Working Treatments
Annealing may be applied to restore uniform mechanical properties and relieve residual stresses.
Pickling or passivation improves surface corrosion resistance after hot working.
5. Applications Related to Hot Working
Heat exchangers, furnace components, and high-temperature piping
Structural components for petrochemical and power generation equipment
Industrial parts requiring high-temperature performance and corrosion resistance
Summary
317 stainless steel exhibits excellent hot working characteristics, allowing rolling, forging, extrusion, and complex forming at 1150–900°C. Hot working reduces work hardening, enhances ductility, and enables the production of parts for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical, and industrial high-temperature applications.
